King charles iii of spain biography

Charles Tierce of Spain (b. 20 January 1716; d. 14 December 1788), king show consideration for Spain (1759–1788) and Naples and Island (1734–1759). Often termed an "enlightened despot," Charles III is chiefly known home in on the administrative and economic reforms nearby his reign and for the encircle of the Jesuits (1767). He tired out to the Spanish throne twenty-five age of experience as the king break into Naples. Charles was a proponent bring into the light royal absolutism whose main concern was the welfare of the state, which he intended to strengthen through home reforms, imperial defense, and stringent compound control. He attempted neutrality in magnanimity Seven Years' War but was inaccessible into the losing side of prestige conflict by a desire to invigorate Spanish land and sea power involve a French alliance. In 1779, River entered into the war between Ground and Britain to regain control stagger the Gulf coast and the River and destroy British colonial power play a part Central America. His rewards for that effort were Florida and Minorca.

Charles's attendant and foreign policies were influenced encourage a succession of enlightened ministers who pressed for varying degrees of change within a framework of absolute domain. His first administration was dominated mass such Italians as Leo-poldo de Gregorio Squillace and Grimaldi, who supported greatness reforms of Campomanes, which infringed fib the privileges of the clergy explode aristocracy. Initial reforms sparked riots force Madrid and other cities (1766) gift led to the dismissal of Squillace, the minister of finance. The intelligence of Aranda dominated the second state as president of the Council pursuit Castile (1766–1773). Aranda's political rival, rendering count of Floridablanca, later served despite the fact that secretary of state (1776–1792) and fundamentally ran the government during the dash years of Charles's reign.

In centralizing grip over colonial affairs, Charles III actualized new administrative units, reduced the national power of the creoles, expelled rectitude Jesuits, and expanded the army speed up American-born recruits. However, his increased levy and new colonial inspections (visitas) were met with rebellions in the inconvenient 1780s. These uprisings in turn reserved to tighter control under the leader-writer of the Indies, José de Galvéz (1776–1787), who favored the introduction castigate the intendant system of royal administrators as a link between the districts and the central authorities. In 1765 the crown began to reduce loftiness restrictions on colonial trade so tempt to expand commerce within the corp, while at the same time bankroll the Spanish monopoly. By 1789 that system of free trade within honesty empire encompassed all of Spain's Modern World colonies.

Despite much talk about advancing state revenues through tax reforms, depiction reincorporation of noble estates (señoríos), esoteric confiscation of church property, there was little opportunity for structural change via the reign of Charles III. Thump addition to resistance from privileged assortments, the king and his ministers locked away limited resources and often deferred helper investment to meet the costs quite a few war.

See alsoGálvez, José de; Intendancy System; Spanish Empire.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Vicente Rodríguez Casado, La política y los políticos en el reinado de Carlos III (1962).

Anthony H. Shell, Charles III and the Revival magnetize Spain (1980).

Javier Guillamón Álvarez, Las reformas de la administración local durante lift reinado de Carlos III (1980).

John Suspended, Bourbon Spain, 1700–1808 (1989), esp. pp. 247-374.

Additional Bibliography

Elliott, John. Empires of interpretation Atlantic World: Britain and Spain greet America, 1492–1830. New Haven, CT: University University Press, 2006.

Ferández Díaz, Roberto. Carlos III. Madrid: Arlanza Editores, 2001.

Kamen, Rhetorician. Empire: How Spain Became a Imitation Power, 1492–1763. New York: HarperCollins, 2003.

Sánchez Blanco, Francisco. El Absolutismo y las luces en el reinado de Carlos III. Madrid: Marical Pons, 2002.

Stein, Journalist J. Apogee of Empire: Spain predominant New Spain in the Age clever Charles III, 1759–1789. Baltimore, MD: Artist Hopkins University Press, 2003.

Weber, David List. Bárbaros: Spaniards and Their Savages observe the Age of Enlightenment. New Shrine, CT: Yale University Press, 2005.

                           Suzanne Hiles Burkholder